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HABITAT 1
TROPICAL LOWLAND RAINFOREST HABITAT
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Specific meteorological data from this habitat is now discussed. It is often difficult
to obtain specific climatic data representative of each of the habitats. The following information is indicative
of the conditions generally experienced, but 'normal' conditions for each are discussed at the end of each habitat
discussion.
At a more equitable maritime habitat on the coast of Cambodia, a total annual rainfall
of 1390 mm is experienced, but this is unevenly distributed.
This area is subject to the summer monsoons, which are at full force in early autumn. although
the timing of the monsoon varies in different localities. For some 8 months of the year, monthly rainfall is less
then 50 mm each month.
Humidity ranges from 77% to over 80% monthly average, falling to its lowest level over
the summer before the onset of the monsoon period.
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Temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with the diurnal (day/night) variation
of 6-8oC. being experienced.
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One interesting statistic shown in the next graph is the general cloudiness normally
experienced within this habitat, with only 8 clear days on the sunniest month, and some months only having a single
clear day. And this is not just this particular location, but is a general observation throughout this habitat.
While conditions are relatively bright, full sun all day is not a regular occurrence. This is not to suggest that
we should keep our plants shaded, as generally the best flowering will be gained with bright conditions, but with
our high light intensities, especially during the middle of the day and during our summers, caution must be exercised.
The provision of shade during the middle of the day, and increased air movement through the use of fans, and the
maintenance of higher humidity by overhead spraying of foliage or automatic under bench misting sprays is an
appropriate response. Generally plants will respond with increased flowering with bright conditions, the
brightness, however, relative to the level of the light normally experienced in its natural environment.
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In the study of habitats completed by G.F.S. Pabst and F. Dungs in Orchidaceae Braziliensis
they have indicated the representative temperature range for this habitat is 23 to 35oC. with a typical maximum
range during the year of 17 to 40oC. Humidity is typically within the range of 65 to 90%, with the diurnal temperature
variation of 15oC. being normal. The maximum temperature differential is 23oC.
From the cultural perspective, this habitat produces plants generally classified as requiring
warm or intermediate temperatures. Humidity should be maintained at a high level all year, with comparatively constant
environmental conditions.
At the equator the widespread flowering trigger of day length is often not applicable,
as there is little day length variation throughout the year in equatorial regions. It is often the variation in
rainfall that is the factor initiating flowering, and the particular rainfall pattern relevant to a particular
species can be of assistance where flowering difficulties are experienced. If water can be withhold
for a period during the plants natural habitat dryer period this will often stimulate flowering of such plants.
To repeat an earlier comment, the fact that plants from this habitat often do not receive
full sun much of the year is something we must consider, especially with the generally strong natural light conditions
normally experienced in New Zealand. Remember, however, that plants generally flower better in bright conditions
and the control of temperatures and maintenance of higher humidity levels and good air movement will facilitate
success.
  
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