Scenes of Crime

Editorial Comment

A word of explanation - writing and maintaining a site like this allows someone like me a certain degree of freedom in expressing a few thoughts and views on crime fiction and associated matters, which I make no bones about using. Indeed, vanity publishing is one of the side-effects of the 'information revolution'. However, I'm certainly not trying to antagonise anyone, just nattering vaguely about things that I think are important. Feel free to let me know any views you might have, but I'm afraid I won't be drawn into any protacted, vicious fights over this kind of thing. Hopefully, that opportunity will never arise, so I hope you enjoy the following bits and pieces. (By the way, if you want to put any pieces of writing on this page, I'd be more than willing to 'publish' them for you, so just let me know.)

Items of Interest


A New Welcome


A few words are in order, I think, since this site has undergone a few changes of late. Regular visitors (if there are any, that is) may have noticed the recent hiatus whilst I finished my doctoral thesis. Thankfully, that ordeal is now behind me (you can even read the abstract if you want) and I have a little more time to spend on my favourite pastime, reading crime novels. Not to say, that is, I have been remiss in my reading: I came very close to dedicating my thesis to Paul Doherty and Ed McBain... Anyway, the site now has a slightly jazzier look (the wonders of Cosmocreate on an SGI...) and a few new bits and pieces, including a special on P.C. Doherty and his many aliases, and a short piece on my current favourites. The title has changed, whoever - although I still love the Travis McGee novels, this site rapidly turned into something that concentrated far more on fiction from this side of the Atlantic. Plus, 'Scenes of Crime' hadn't been snapped up by someone else, and I can't resist a pun. Have a look around, enjoy yourselves, and don't forget to tell me if you like the site or not, either by guestbook. Have fun and good reading!

Dan.

A Welcome and A Little Light Justification


Well, I think that a few words are appropriate at this juncture in time to try and justify my expenditure of time, effort and bandwidth. Firstly, the opportunity was there - Fortune City were offering plenty of space for web pages. Secondly, I was rather bored and felt the need to something to occupy myself in the odd spare moment. Thirdly, I had the notion I might actually do something worthwhile with all this free space, rather than emulate some of the appalling pages I've seen dotted around. And lastly, I adore books, and the crime genre most of all, and felt I could make a contribution to those who share this love, by providing a source of information, views and links. True, there are already many fine pages around the world who I have spent many happy hours reading, but I don't think there's an overflow of information just yet.

That having been said, I hope you enjoy reading these pages and those linked to them, and maybe find the odd suggestion that might lead you to enjoying something you might not have otherwise considered. In addition, if you think you have any contributions to make to these pages, either in the form of constructive criticisms, suggestions of links, or even pieces for inclusion like reviews or commentaries, I'd be delighted to hear from you - just e-mail me at danstaines@postmaster.co.uk.

And lastly, why was it called 'The Busted Flush'? If you have to ask, why, shame on you! Well, not really, but this is a chance to say the odd word in support of one of my favourite crime writers, the late, great John D. Macdonald and his 'last of the great knights errant', Travis McGee, resident of the yacht 'The Busted Flush', moored at Slip F-18, Bahai Mar, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. When I was wandering around Fortune City looking for a free address, I found a nice spot in the Marina area, and the rest followed naturally. I'd never even heard of Travis McGee until the coincidence of a rec.arts.mystery conversation and the republication of the entire series by the US publisher Fawcett caused me to buy a couple on-spec in Covent Garden's Crime In Store whilst on one of my occasional forays to the Smoke. Put simply, Macdonald created a superb series full of terrific atmosphere, suspense and fascinating characters, not least McGee, one of the exemplars of the modern detective, flawed, fascinating and genuine. Simply one of the greats. Oh, and don't be put off by the rather garish covers - they actually look rather good as they begin to line up on one's shelves.

Happy reading,

Dan Staines.
August 1998.

Looking For A New England - England In Crime Fiction


By way of introduction to this piece considering the fictional portrayal of England, and indeed Great Britain as a whole, I should make clear that I am writing from a somewhat partisan point of view, being English by birth, upbringing and education, hailing from rural Cornwall and having lived in Dorset, Leicester and Cambridge at various stages. As such, I hope you will bear with any comments I make that you might disagree with, and consider this piece as a personal view rather than a dispassionate socialogical and/or literary essay, or indeed a jingoistic diatribe at writing from other nations. Additionally, this piece concerns England, rather than Britain as a whole, but again, not at the expense of Scottish and Welsh writers.

There are many who would argue that England is the ancestral home of crime fiction, being the homeland of Conan Doyle and Collins, and of Christie, Sayers, Allingham and so many others of the so-called Golden Age of crime fiction, bringing to mind sleepy rural villages, cups of tea, aristocratic sleuths and high society. This image has persisted somewhat to this day, rather in the face of the fact that England has changed greatly, particularly since the war. While not wishing to pour scorn on the works of these writers, many of which are terrific examples of crime fiction at its best, particularly the much underrated Josephine Tey, I feel that a reassessment of this image is long overdue. Thankfully, the last twenty years has seen a great increase in crime fiction that takes place in a real England, with notables such as Val McDermid, John Harvey, Mike Ripley, Reginald Hill and Mark Timlin. Hence, I'm arguing from the point of view that England shouldn't be regarded as some kind of museum, and its crime fiction should represent this.

Although I don't particularly wish to categorise fiction rigidly, I think I'm on fairly safe ground when discussing the fiction of the twenties and thirties and later that makes up the canon of the Golden Age, exemplified by Christie, Sayers and Allingham, and will use this to compare to more modern settings. Similar in flavour to their more recent relatives, the US 'cozy', Golden Age fiction has a very definite sense of time and place that it tends not to stray far from, with an accompanying view of society and morality. Sex and violence are almost entirely absent, which some might think a good thing, with murder and violent death becoming an abstraction acting as the basis for a type of intellectual puzzle whose resolution the reader is permitted to observe.

One of the most noticeable facets, at least to an English observer, is the influence of class structure, more rigid in the past than now, with the vast majority of the protagonists being members of the upper classes. Reading these novels, particularly Sayers, you gain the impression that only those fortunate enough to be members of this privileged section of society are important, with members of other classes being frequently reduced to plot devices, although rarely being found to be the villain of the piece. One might argue that this is actually one of the more appealing facets of the genre, allowing a glimpse of a rarefied section of society, but it tends to give a narrow perspective of the society. This approach also seems to extend itself to how these novels deal with police work, with the classic view of the 'bumbling plod' so frequently apparent. Members of the police force were then, with the exception of the very highest echelons, drawn from the lower and middle classes, and they exemplify the disdain felt for the 'trades'. Sleuths of this era, such as Wimsey and Campion, often tend to be 'gifted amateurs' of independent means, picking and choosing cases at their leisure, and deigning to offer their advice to the obviously confused, 'stumped' police force. Another irritatingly frequent manifestation of this is the portrayal of resentful policemen, descendents of Inspector Lestrade, blustering against this intrusion, though this is by no means limited to this particular genre.
The setting of these novels also offers a somewhat narrow view of England in the thirties, tending to be metropolitan or rural, rarely venturing into the suburbs, the industrial regions and so on. The view of London that is frequently offered is a world far removed from reality, concentrating on the mileu of parties, salons and flats in Kensington. The portrayal of the rural setting so popular in the classic 'country house' mysteries is also removed from the real picture of life in the country areas, almost so far as to be insulting, particularly to one who has grown up in rural England and even sports the remnants of a West Country accent. The country is turned into the playground of the rich, a feudal setting of grand manors and riding to hounds. Local inhabitants are reduced to ciphers, with overdone rustic accents ('Arr, m'lord, it be a fine harvest this year'), touching their caps and tugging their forelocks for the inhabitants of the manor.

I'll admit that this is a rather exaggerated picture at times, but the fact remains that these novels repeatly offer an exceptionally narrow view of society, which still influences how people view this country. A beautiful setting for an intellectual problem, I'll admit, but not the only setting by any means. I must however, repeat that I have a great deal of respect of the quality of many novels of this era, as have many. Still, a stereotype has been created, and its up to the new breed of English writers to right this, which they have without a doubt. To paraphrase Raymond Chandler's words about Dashiell Hammett in 'The Simple Art of Murder', they have taken murder out of the Venetian vase and dropped it in the alley.

How has England changed, since then? Without wanting to go into a sociological essay, suffice it to say England has undergone immense changes since the thirties, especially since the Second World War. Post-war reform and socialist rule and the later liberalising of society in the sixties and seventies have caused a great blurring in class boundaries, though they still exist to this day. Economic changes and the loss of Empire has changed the nature of Britain as a whole greatly. Living conditions and education have improved greatly for the lower echelons of society, and as a consequence more of the country has a say in its ruling and more importantly, how society works on a daily basis. The extraordinary decade of the Eighties saw an even greater change in our country, fueled in part by the rampant capitalism of the Thatcherite government. The poor have become even poorer, the rich obscenely rich. The industrial economy has more or less collapsed, with the closure of much heavy industry following the collapse of unionism, leaving a post-industrial economy and an uncertain future. The National Health Service, a great leveller in many respects, is close to collapse. Urban areas have decayed, bringing drugs and violence into contact with many city dwellers. Changes in agricultural policy have forced huge changes upon the countryside. Great Britain has become multicultural, with many British born citizens being of Asian or Afro-Carribean ancestry, and racism and racial tension are rife brought to bloody fruition in the riots of the eighties. The conflict in Northern Ireland spills over frequently onto the mainland, and the news is full of sectarian murders, bombings and the misdoings of the security forces. In short, in many respects, a more different world from that of the Golden Age could not be imagined, and with it, a new type of crime fiction has arisen.

As exemplifed by work such as John Harvey's Resnick novels, the police occupy an increasing section of this new genre, often relying still on classic formulae, but backed by an increasingly bleak view of an overstretched police force barely holding its own. The police force is frequently corrupt, or rife with divisions and sexual and racial prejudices. Independent investigators, such as Timlin's Nick Sharman, tend to be more mercenary and professional, often embittered and cynical. A new breed of female investigators, led by Val McDermid's Mancunian Kate Brannigan and Lisa Cody's Anna Lee, have sprung up, perhaps following the lead of their American cousins Warshawski and Millhone. In short, as England comes to resemble the US in miniature, the US conventions of the hard-boiled investigator and the police procedural have arrived, but adapted seamlessly to the modern face of England.

Significantly, a different morality and view of the justice system have arisen, following the many instances of corruption and miscarriages of justice. The police are often corrupt and the legal system riddled with politics and injustice. Powerful criminals, protected by their position or wealth, are frequently the targets of investigation, leading to a cynical view of the system. Morality becomes blurred and uncertain, with protagonists frequently committing crimes themselves in order to undo a perceived injustice.

This view is darker and more blurred than the clearly marked world of the Golden Age, and explores society and the modern English landscape on a great number of levels. The portrayal of everyday life is starker and less rosy, and depictions of sex and violence are more graphic than before. Writers such as Mark Timlin, John Harvey and Sarah Dunant have brought to the genre a new, less comfortable view of society. However, the view is certainly not totally bleak and grim - a rich vein of dark, cutting humour runs through many novels, from R.D. Wingfield's Inspector Frost novels, to the wonderfully funny Angel novels from Mike Ripley. The Angel novels portray the flipside of the dark image of urban life - Angel careers through south London, meeting a huge variety of characters and situations that, whilst being amusing or exciting, are somehow totally believable. I look forward to anticipation to how Angel finds life in Blair's brave new Britain...

Overall, these new writers are a welcome contribution to the world of crime fiction, helping to adjust the balance of settings, attitudes and characters to one perhaps more in line with the diversity of life in modern England. Although the quality of the writing and story are paramount in judging fiction, the image that has persisted for so long is a disservice to this country and those who live here, and while the canon of classic crime fiction is something to be treasured, there is certainly more to life than country houses and arsenic in the t ea.

D.S. 15/06/1997

A Trouble Of Fools - Crime Discussion Groups On The Internet

Okay, I'll admit that the title of this little piece is probably asking for trouble, so I'll make my excuses now. For several years, I have been a keen reader of the two main Internet discussion groups concerning crime fiction, rec.arts.mystery and DorothyL. Also, for some time I have found the politics of such groups a continuing annoyance. For those of you who haven't encountered them, rec.arts.mystery is a Usenet newsgroup discussing crime fiction in general, and DorothyL is a listserv mailing list for discussing crime fiction and is also a forum for writers and fans alike. r.a.m tends to be somewhat more catholic in its approach, being broadly more international and dealing with more diverse work than DorothyL, whilst DorothyL is definitely slanted to a vocal US readership and the genre of 'cozy' and classic fiction. More importantly, DorothyL has a very different atmosphere to r.a.m. I'll doubtlessly be attacked for this in the tradition which some DorothyL readers apparently cherish, but I'll continue none-the-less. Although there are some 3000 subscribers to DorothyL at time of writing, much of the posting seems to be dominated by a small, extr e m ely vocal group of posters, who create an atmosphere that frequently makes one think that you've invaded someone's front room. Gossip, chit-chat, pers onal messages and in-jokes make up a surprising amount of the postings, and many other newcomers to the list have expressed the feeling that they really aren't welcome.

Of course, the response to such comments has often been that 'of course "newbies" are welcome, don't be silly' but none-the-less, the feeling still persists, and I always feel slightly intimidated about posting. This is a great shame, I feel, since much of the posting is extremely interesting, and has persuaded me to try fiction that I otherwise might not have tried. This issue has recently come to the fore, regarding the departure of one Polly Whitney, writer and humourist, from the list. (I hold Ms. Whitney in quite some esteem - her novels are highly enjoyable, and many of her satiral postings on the genre are quite hilarious, possessing a rare quality of surrealism - click here for examples). She recently fell victim to carpal tunnel syndrome, and has briefly retired from the keyboard. This prompted many emotional farewells and exchanges of exclamations of mutual admiration, to which one previously silent poster responded that she was actually quite glad Ms. Whitney had gone, and that the list shouldn't be devoted so much to personalities and gossip that intimidated newcomers (though in slightly less well mannered terms). This prompted, besides rather unwarranted personal attacks on Ms. Whitney, much heated debate on the nature of the list, to which I think I might add a few observations of my own.

Speaking as one who is not a member of the legendary (and perhaps mythical) DorothyL 'clique', I have to say that the personal postings between the more prominent posters and rather arcane ramblings on American cuisine and the regional definition of pocketbook add very little to the discussion, and often detract from its usefulness. The worst off-topic threads of recent weeks have been raging, often extremely personal, arguments about obesity, smoking and political correctness, which have frequently been unpleasant to read. The tone of the list is overwhelmingly American at times, despite an international readership, and this in itself is often rather intimidating to readers from other countries (NB: This is in no way an attack on Americans whatsoever....). The co-listowner, Kara Robinson (or Dangermouse, as she is freqently known...), frequently does sterling work in dragging the discussion back to vaguely related topics, but this really shouldn't need to be done. Individual posters should consider more what they're discussing before they post, and take these personal or off-topic discussions to private e-mail. I think this should be particularly true in the case of the more prominent posters, who use the list make comments between one another, thus creating the (false) impression that the list is run by and for the benefit of a minority of posters. In this way, I hope, DorothyL can become a more useful and informative forum to discuss issues concerning crime fiction and writing.

D.S. 26/06/1997

Shots on the Screen? - Moving Crime Fiction from Novels To Tele vision


When you come to consider modern British crime fiction, it becomes immediately obvious that television is often instrumental the popularisation of particular series and characters, and is frequently responsible for forming the rather narrow view of British life (see above). They are also amongst the most successful British TV exports, with BBC, ITV and Channel 4 co-productions (often with WGBH Boston, A&E and the Australian ABC) often being produced with a view to export rath er than domestic consumption. TV dramatisations vary greatly in quality, and in faithfulness to the original books, and this perhaps reflects the great diffcult ies often encountered in transferring mood and content from one medium to the other. Again, I make no apologies for putting across my own idiosyncratic view of crime fiction, and will talk about those series and novels I know well - I'm afraid I have very little to say on the subject of either US crime TV or Agatha Christie adaptations...

One of the most successful series of recent years, Granada's 'Inspector Morse', is based on the excellent series of novels by Colin Dexter, and is an excellent example of TV adaptation at its bestThe series and the books both evoke Oxford very well - Books perhaps on the darker side of what is actually a major industrial city, compared to TV series, whilst the series has tendency to go for the prettier 'dreaming spires' shots of Oxford colleges on the whole. The series is buo yed up by an excellent cast, namely John Thaw and Kevin Whately as Morse and Lewis, and generally intelligent scripts, either derived from novels, or from original scripts. Those derived from the novels tend to be a lot stronger and less contrived, particularly when you compare, say, 'Last Seen Wearing' to the execrable 'Cherubim and Seraphim', except in cases like 'The Way Through The Woods' where the scriptwriter appears not to have actually read the original novel. Thankfully this trend was reversed in the excellent adaptation of 'The Daughters of Cain', and I look forward to an adaptation of 'Death Is Now My Neighbour'.

One of the most interesting aspects is that of character differences between the novels and the series, and in particular how the character of Morse has changed in the novels over time, which is not surprising given John Thaw's iconic performance and Dexter's close involvement in the series. If you compare the Morse of 'The Daughters of Cain' to the same character in, say, 'The Dead of Jericho', you can see just how much the character has mellowed, and just how similar Morse has become to John Thaw's portrayal. In the earlier novels, Morse is obnoxious, misogynistic, lustful and often irrational, and frequently behaves terribly towards the long-suffering DS Lewis. True, the 'new' Morse is not one of life's sunnier characters, but he is generally more considerate, and more like a 'grumpy old man with a heart of gold' than the embittered copper of the early novels, and certainly less likely to visit strip-clubs with such relish. Of course, this may be a natural mellowing of the character, perhaps as Dexter has aged and changed, but the similarity to the Thaw persona is astonishing. Lewis too has not gone unscathed - quite the opposite. The Lewis of the earlier novels is a Welshman, older and more resigned than Kevin Whately's put-upon young Geordie, into which Lewis changes as time goes by. It certainly isn't a bad thing, by any means, but I think it goes to show just how a successful adaptation can become the equal of the novels, and actually begin to add to and change the canon.

On the other hand, other adaptations are not as good, such as the BBC's 'Dalziel & Pascoe' based on the Reginald Hill novels - this is an excellent literal representation, and Warren Clarke makes a superb Dalziel, but the series is somewhat lacking in spirit compared to the novels, and somehow fails to communicate of lot of Hill's subtleties. Mind you, this is highly preferable to the appalling 'Pinch of Snuff', produced by ITV some years back, starring Norman Hale and Gareth Pace (alleged comedians) as Dalziel and Pascoe. The less said the better.

Other series take a pre-existing series and alter it, sometimes quite substantially, for TV, often not capturing the spirit of the original, but creating something quite different. Inspector Frost is a prime example - the books by R.D. Wingfield are very, very dark - Denton is a grim, cold, rainy town, and Frost is a utterly contemptible character. Lecherous, grotesque, insensitive, lazy and with very few redeeming qualities, apart from a shrewd mind at the right time, though frequently he nearly destroys a case with his incompetence - Frost is a true comic monster, and yet strangely sympathetic. The series, 'A Touch of Frost', on the other hand, has a immediately more sympathetic portrayal of Frost, played by the excellent David Jason - Frost is a slightly grumpy, dour old man, and generally is a lot brighter, shrewder, friendlier and more likeable than the literary Frost, and Denton is correspondingly less dark. Although there is this great departure from the novels, the series is likeable and engaging, and Jason is a joy to watch.

Similarly, the Lovejoy played by Ian McShane is a much more charming, likeable, honest character than his literary counterpart in the Jonathon Gash novels - much more of a charming rogue, and Tinker is a loveable old duffer rather than the drunken, unkempt character of the books. This is a trend that seems quite frequent amongst adaptations, both on TV and in the cinema, presumably as not to put off viewers, or more importantly advertisers, and I think its a shame at times, though frequently the TV character can, with luck, be equally engaging.

Hamish Macbeth, on the other hand, an example where a lousy series of novels has become a superlative show! I originally read one of the books on a complete whim, and thought it reasonable, though clcihed. I read more of them, and have come to the conclusion that M.C. Beaton is really not a very good writer at all, and produces some of the most stereotyped, charmless and least appealing characters I have ever read. With the excception of Hamish, who is a character with some nous about him, the rest of the characters in Beaton's novels tend to be cardboard cutout caricatures, and with the least attractive character traits ever. However, I accidentally stumbled across BBC Scotland's adaptation of the series, which was quite simply superb. Written and directed by Danny Boyle (director of Shallow Grave and Trainspotting, enfant terrible of British cinema) and starring Robert Carlyle (notable for playing the psychotic Begbie in Trainspotting and the disturbed, violent Albie in the Cracker episode 'To Be A Somebody'), the series only retains the title, setting and lead character from the original novels, and instead creates a superb cast of characters and a somewhat whimsical, blackly funny atmosphere. Carlyle excels as Hamish, giving the character a gentle outlook on life, but with just enough edge to give Hamish life. He is backed by a fine array of characters, from the gentle TV John to the nefarious Lachy and Lachy Jr. The script is funny, touching and at times extremely exciting, culminating with the surreal, mystical double episode involving the Stone of Scone. Superb.

You can see from all this, that some novels adapt very well to the screen, whilst others don't tend to 'take' at all - why is this so? Well, you might say that a successful adapataion, capturing the spirit of the original piece, takes an extremely talented screenwriter, and doubtless this is true, abut I also think it is true that many styles of writing depend very much on internal narration or stream-of-conciousness to build up a picture of the surroundings and events, and the motivation of the characters, which can be diffcult to subtly portray on screen without some kind of crude device like a voice-over or an all-too-obviously forced conversation between two characters to fill the viewer in. Time is also a concern, with a three hundred page novel condensed to less than two hours of television, requiring often quite drastic cuts and condensation. However, television can also be incredibly subtle at communicating image and nuance to the viewer, accomplishing with a two second shot or piece of incidental music what might take paragraphs to subtly establish in a novel. In short, both are very different mdeia, and both require a very a talented individual to create a believable image and distinct atmosphere without descending into staginess and crude imagery. At its best, television adpatations take the spirit of the original and combine it with enough plot detail and character background to quickly and subtly communicate to us the key elements of the novel.

So, as we can readily see, TV adaptation is really a bit of a curate's egg, and certainly varies greatly, sometimes losing a lot of character that a particular book has, but also gaining or adding to existing notions. One thing I might add is that Britain is perhaps fortunate in having a very small TV output, only having 5 channels (and one of them you can probably discount) and several television and production companies committed to high-quality drama without pandering to perceived viewer/advertiser tastes, and as a result, British crime fiction, already exceptional at times, has been popularised to a great extent around the world. Of course, a lot of the time successful series like Morse help to perpetuate the popular concept of Theme Park Britain, but increasingly, with series like Sharman and the sadly defunct Resnick, one might hope that British crime fiction TV series will gradually move towards the broader spectrum and point-of-view that their literary counterparts have already reached.

D.S. 03/07/1997

Why I Love 'Crime Time' Magazine


Let me get this straight from the start - I make no apologies for this article whatsoever, and happily acknowledge it as a paean of delight about a wonderful new discovery. So, what exactly is Crime Time? (or CT, as its editors now prefer) Well, CT is a relatively new magazine devoted to various aspects of crime fiction, from the written word to TV, audio and cinema, and since it is a UK publication, UK crime writers feature heavily. It covers a very broad range of topics, including many in-depth interviews (thankfully not the anodyne publicity fluff that seems so common) with an immense variety of writers and others, carries articles of interest on little known or obscure writers or films, and of course carries the obligatory (and extensive) reviews section. Additionally, each issue is a special feature, with a number of articles on a particular theme. For instance, this month is 'Its Grim Up North', carrying articles on the classic British noir, Get Carter, the Mancunian club scene writer Nick Blincoe, and the City of Crime compendium, comprising stories set in Nottingham. This clutch of articles sits alongside articles about 'pulps', New Zealand writers and interviews with Charles Willeford and Joseph Waumbaugh. I'm not sure how much I like the themes, and sometimes they seem a little stretched, but there are frequently many excellent articles besides the themed ones.

Without a doubt, Crime Time is the best crime magazine available in the UK at the moment, not least because of its extensive range of articles about very different writ er s, but also because of its particular tone. It seems to have been put together by people who really love what they write about, and this comes across in the articles, interviews, reviews and editorials. It is also very nice, getting most of my crime fiction info from a US dominated Internet, to find out whats happening in the world of UK crime fiction. Parochial? You bet, but I love it anyway. Oh, and the frequent free books are a definite bonus.

Okay, now for some free publicity (well, the buggers at Fortune City have put huge banners at the top of my page, so I don't see why I can't advertise a national treasure...) You can get Crime Time from a decent bookshop (I buy mine in Heffers of Cambridge, but I think Waterstones carries it) - if you can't get it, badger your bookshop relentlessly until they give in - this magazine really needs all the sales it can get. If you have problems, here's the address - Crime Time. PO Box 5880, Birmingham B16 8JF, United Kingdom. The e-mail seems to be crimmo@aol.com. Don't forget to tell 'em I sent you...

Update! Those nice folks at Crime Time have let me know that they now have a website, in the throes of construction at the moment, but looking promising - its at http://www.crimetime.demon.co.uk/. Check it out, and don't forget to place your subscription!
D.S. 04/08/1997

Realism in Crime Fiction


There always seem to be two standard complaints about whatever novel is being discussed when a group of crime fiction devotees gather. The first that is the novel in question is far too violent, with too much loving detail being paid to a graphic description of a gunshot wound to the head, or the slow torture of a helpless victim by a serial killer. The second is that a novel is far too contrived, too far removed from reality to be worth reading, with a cardboard cut-out cast and a picture postcard setting. Of course, we all recognise this as the traditional 'hard-boiled' vs. 'cosy' argument in one of its many forms. However, although that battle has been fought many times, it's worth looking at again in this context. Besides, I'm a quarrelsome bugger and like to have my ha'pennorth.

The issue of realism pervades not just crime fiction, but all modern media. Not a week goes by without some controversy or other that this film is too violent, or that television programme is too graphic. The support usually given that there is a dark side to modern life, and that in order for the viewer or reader to understand what drives the characters and the plot, this side must be shown, or at least suggested. This is not something I would dispute, though at times one is made to feel a little too much like a voyeur for my personal tastes. However, what I would like to examine is exactly what this concept of reality is, and just how important it is.

I've mentioned before my upbringing in rural Cornwall and Dorset, and hence my dislike for English detective novels set in small rural villages, since they never seem to ring true to me. Likewise, I'm not a fan of novels set in Cambridge colleges, being a member of a Cambridge college myself... I've heard this echoed by Scots of my acquaintance, who despise the books and TV series of 'Hamish Macbeth' for precisely the same reason. The common factor is that we both feel that the reality that we perceive and cherish about our homes is being distorted for the cameras or the page. Doubtless the fact that the south-west and Scotland alike are both regularly infested with tourists doesn't help matters either... This image must, none-the-less, appeal to people, since these books sell great numbers. Without wishing to stereotype, it must be said that the English rural detective novel and Hamish Macbeth alike are both extremely popular in North America - indeed, Hamish Macbeth was originally written for the American market. These books have the intrinsic appeal of a simpler, gentler land, where passions and intrigue can be played out in a beautiful setting, free of the mess and violence of urban crime.

Likewise, people have often noted my taste for dark, gritty urban nightmares, like Mark Timlin, John Harvey and Michael Connolly, which are rather at odds with my generally quiet life as an academic in sleepy Cambridge - a source of excitement and danger. The question is, which is more real? What would a real South London crook make of Nick Sharman, or what would a LA hood make of Harry Bosch? They seem real to me, but then the carefully described Cambridge settings in books like P.D. James' 'An Unsuitable Job for a Woman' and Elizabeth George's 'For The Sake of Elena' must seem real enough to others. Of course, this is the age-old theme of art holding a mirror up to life, but it is definitely worth considering when people argue about authenticity. The main thing to remember, I think, is not the details, protocol, procedure and so forth, but how well the atmosphere and sense of place fit the story that is being told. I grudgingly respect Dame Agatha's Miss Marple novels, since they are admirably suited to the slightly unreal but recognisable mileu of St. Mary Mead. Likewise, Charlie Resnick couldn't work anywhere but the dark, rainsodden streets of Nottingham, and if he ever ended up in the Dorset countryside, he would probably find it was raining and stand around gloomily for a while before disappearing off for the nearest taxi. Still, I think it would be interesting to have a city based novel that is not urban despair and gritty dialogue - Reginald Hill's Joe Sixsmith series comes close, I think. Come to that, I'm still on the lookout for a rural novel that captures just how damn poor and grim a lot of the British countryside is. Any writer can come to my home town in Dorset, and find that the drugs problem is just as bad as any inner city area, that the pubs are full of drunken brawling at night, and young families find no where to live.

The main thing to remember is, I think, that a decent novel is, depending on your point of view, a great piece of escapism, or a truly fine work of prose art, and as such, can't really capture all the reality of day to day life, since life isn't all that entertaining. So, I'll stick with reading lurid tales of the mean streets of Hackney and LA alike, and I promise to be nice to anyone who comes wandering around in search of St. Stephen's College.

D.S. 10/10/1997
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Legalese & tiny print: All material copyright 1997 Daniel M. Staines. Reproduction by any means without permission strictly prohibited except for personal or academic use.