They describe the significance of the cortical and associated areas which specialise in sensory and motor functions, and state that the difference between humans and animals is the cerebral cortex which deal in speech and language which is missing in animals.

A French scientist Paul Broca had found in the mid 1800's that lesions in the left front lobe, which understands speech, had resulted in difficulty to produce meaningful sentences. Karl Wernicke, a German neurologist, took this further, and noted that lesions limited to between the parietal and temporal lobes gave produced speech comprehension.

In the left hemisphere we process words and language, and are processed by the primary and then the secondary auditory association areas, prior to being passed the temporal lobes as described in the previous paragraph, which is where meanings of words and language are understood.

To speak, signals are passed to the frontal lobe found by Broca which in turn sends signals to the speech motor cortex.

To write or read a similar scheme has been concluded, thus images of words after being processed by the visual associate areas are relayed on to a higher visual associated area to the hands premotor area. The hand motor cortex programs the movements of hand muscles resulting in writing. It is believed that the signal passes through the area defined by Wernicke which misinterprets the signal.

A study at the Speech Pathology Service, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital in April 1978 followed a 51 year old man having had removed surgically an intra cerebral hematoma, (see diagram in appendix), which affected Wernicke's area of the brain. He showed fluent speech in a linguistic evaluation, but his reading and writing were impaired. From Deep Dyslexia, second edition by Max Coltheart et al (1980).

Other Findings - Alternate Solutions

Richard Bandler the co-founder of Neural Linguistic Programming, in his books Using Your Brain for a Change, (1985), and Mind Magic (1992), discusses how it is possible to reframe or to teach the mind to find new pathways to learn new ways, quickly and efficiently. My original work was to be based on this subject, and I have conducted research into NLP and ways in which people can elicit strategies from others and learn how to use these new found strategies for themselves.

A key component in overcoming or working within the means and capabilities of a dyslexic, is for them to be in a relaxed state, and to be in a non confrontational environment. With this in mind and the knowledge I gained through my studies of NLP, I conducted two experiments with willing parties, one a non sufferer of dyslexia, and another with slight dyslexia.

Zihida Wahid, is an optician from Gillingham, Kent, herself wearing glasses, who I had informed of a technique taught by Richard Bandler to correct the eye sight, sufficient to have no need of the glasses. The subject is placed in a relaxed state and asked to go back to a time in their life when they had perfect vision. This Zihida did, and I asked her to retain that state of perfect vision, and return to the present bringing the state with her. To her amazement, see could read a newspaper given to her, which prior to our experiment could not.

The second experiment followed my work with Zihida, and my exposure to the demonstration with Sten Cummins (Case 3). I placed the subject who had mild dyslexia, in a relaxed state, and asked the person to imagine what it would be like to be able to read in a normal way. I asked them to fully enter into that situation, whilst telling them how in medicine, people who had had brain damage and lost some function of their life, was able to regain that function through the brain finding new pathways (see A medical definition of dyslexia above). This is a given fact in medicine today, subject to the fact that there is no complete breakdown of the pathways, i.e. the severing of the corpus callosum.

The subject when asked to read some text found that he was able to read and comprehend much easier than he had previously. The experiment was concluded, but unfortunately, the subject did not retain the new state, which will not be discussed in this paper.

The experiments were more involved than described here, taking about half an hour each to execute, and involved the use of NLP, and hypnosis and trance work. The two experiments are mentioned here, as I believe that the adult dyslexic has been offered little help to overcome their suffering. By using NLP or/and other alternative solutions available, in conjunction with my findings on computing in this report, the dyslexic sufferer can have a better life.